Sec. 2 Index Sec. 4 Italiano

SECTION 3 - EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Introduction

Section 3 includes checklists and detailed procedures to be used in emergency situations. Emergencies caused by aircraft or engine malfunction are extremely rare if proper maintenance and pre-flight inspections are performed.

In case of emergency, the guidelines in this section must be considered and applied as necessary to correct the problem.

WARNING Before operating the aircraft, the pilot must acquire complete familiarity with this manual and, in particular, with this section. Furthermore, continuous and appropriate training must be ensured.

Airspeeds for Safe Emergency Operations - IAS

Reference Speeds

Situation MTOW 550 kg MTOW 600 kg
Engine failure after takeoff60 Kts60 Kts
Engine failure during flight66 Kts69 Kts
Maneuvering speed93 Kts97 Kts
Best glide speed66 Kts69 Kts

Engine Failures

In case of emergency, the basic guidelines described in this section must be considered and applied as necessary to correct the problem.

Engine Failure During Takeoff Roll

  1. Throttle: IDLE (fully out)
  2. Brakes: apply as needed
  3. Magnetos: OFF
  4. Flaps: retract
  5. Generator switch and Master switch: OFF
  6. Fuel valves: OFF
  7. Electric fuel pump: OFF
  8. Notify TWR

Engine Failure Immediately After Takeoff

  1. Airspeed: 60 KIAS
  2. Identify landing area
  3. Throttle: IDLE (fully out)
  4. Fuel valves: OFF
  5. Electric fuel pump: OFF
  6. Magnetos: OFF
  7. Flaps: as required
  8. Generator switch and Master switch: OFF
  9. Notify TWR

Engine Failure During Flight

Rough Engine Operation

  1. Throttle: check position and adjustment wheel
  2. Carburetor heat: ON
  3. Electric fuel pump: ON
  4. Fuel valves: both ON
  5. If RPM remains rough, land as soon as possible at the nearest airport.

Low Fuel Pressure

If the fuel pressure indicator drops below the limit of 2.2 psi, the following procedure must be applied:

  1. Electric fuel pump: ON
  2. Fuel valves: both ON
  3. Land at the nearest airport

Low Oil Pressure

  1. Check oil temperature:
    • If stable in the green arc: Land as soon as possible at the nearest airport
    • If increasing: proceed with the following steps
  2. Reduce throttle for 70 KIAS speed
  3. Land as soon as possible and be prepared for imminent engine failure and consequent emergency landing.

Air Restart

Air Restart Procedure

  1. Altitude: preferably below 4000 ft
  2. Carburetor heat: ON
  3. Fuel valves: both ON
  4. Electric fuel pump: ON
  5. Throttle: intermediate position
  6. Generator switch and Master switch: ON
  7. Magnetos: BOTH
  8. Ignition key: START
  9. If the engine restarts, monitor instrument readings and land as soon as possible, otherwise see procedure for: Forced Landing

Smoke and Fire

Engine Fire on Ground or During Takeoff

  1. Fuel valves: OFF
  2. Electric fuel pump: OFF
  3. Cabin heat: OFF
  4. Abort takeoff if possible.
  5. If engine is running, burn off residual fuel in carburetors.
  6. Magnetos: OFF
  7. Master switch: OFF
  8. Generator switch: OFF
  9. Warn people nearby to move away from the area as quickly as possible.
  10. Without removing the engine cowling, use a CO2 or dry powder extinguisher to extinguish the flames by directing the jet toward the cowling air intakes.
WARNING DO NOT USE WATER to extinguish the fire and do not open the engine cowling until absolutely certain the fire is out.

Engine Fire During Flight

  1. Fuel valves: OFF
  2. Electric fuel pump: OFF
  3. Cabin heat: OFF
  4. Throttle: full in
  5. Magnetos: OFF
  6. Do not attempt air restart.
  7. Flaps: as required
  8. Execute forced landing emergency procedure.

Cabin Fire During Flight

  1. Master switch: OFF
  2. Cabin heat: OFF
  3. Door vents: open
  4. Direct extinguisher at the base of flames
  5. Execute forced landing emergency procedure

Glide

Best Glide Configuration

  1. Flaps: retracted
  2. Airspeed:
    • 600 kg: 69 KIAS
    • 550 kg: 66 KIAS
    • 450 kg: 60 KIAS
  3. Glide ratio is 12.2, therefore from 1000 ft altitude approximately 3.8 km (~2 nautical miles) can be covered in zero wind conditions.
NOTE A glide ratio of 12.2 means that for every 1000 ft of altitude lost, the aircraft can travel approximately 12,200 ft (3.7 km) horizontally.

Landing Emergencies

Forced Landing Without Engine Power

  1. Suggested airspeed: 69 KIAS for 600kg MTOW, 66 KIAS for 550kg MTOW, 60 KIAS for 450kg
  2. Identify the most suitable terrain for emergency landing, preferably into wind.
  3. Fuel valves: OFF
  4. Electric fuel pump: OFF
  5. Magnetos: OFF
  6. Tighten seat belts, unlock door latches and slightly open doors.
  7. Flaps: fully extended
  8. When certain of landing, Generator switch and Master switch: OFF
  9. Touchdown at 42 KIAS

Precautionary Landing With Power

  1. Set up a rapid descent.
  2. Flaps: as required
  3. Select the most suitable terrain for emergency landing and overfly it checking for obstacles and wind direction.
  4. Tighten seat belts, unlock door latches and slightly open doors.
  5. Before touchdown: fuel valves: OFF
  6. Electric fuel pump: OFF
  7. Carburetor heat: OFF
  8. Flaps: fully extended
  9. After touchdown: magnetos: OFF
  10. Generator switch and Master switch: OFF

Landing with Flat Nose Tire

Procedure

  1. Pre-landing checklist: complete
  2. Flaps: fully extended
  3. Land and maintain NOSE HIGH attitude as long as possible after touchdown.

Landing with Flat Main Tire

Procedure

  1. Pre-landing checklist: complete
  2. Normal approach.
  3. Touch down on GOOD TIRE first and keep the aircraft off the flat tire as long as possible.

Inadvertent Spin Recovery

If an inadvertent spin occurs, use the following recovery procedure:

Spin Recovery Procedure

  1. Throttle: IDLE (fully out)
  2. Apply and maintain opposite rudder to spin direction.
  3. Move and hold stick forward until spin stops.
  4. Neutralize rudder
  5. Effect a smooth recovery by gradually pulling back on the stick, avoiding speeds above VNE and maximum load factor.
  6. Adjust throttle to restore engine power.
WARNING Aerobatic maneuvers, including intentional spin, are NOT approved for this aircraft.

Other Emergencies

Inadvertent Flight into Icing Conditions

Procedure

  1. Exit icing conditions by changing altitude or flight direction to reach an area with warmer outside temperature.
  2. Prevent possible control surface freeze-up by moving them periodically.
  3. Carburetor heat: ON
  4. Increase RPM to prevent ice formation on propeller blades.
  5. Cabin heat: ON
WARNING In case of ice formation on the wing leading edge, stall speed may increase.

Carburetor Heat

At Takeoff

At takeoff, given the unlikely formation of ice at full power, carburetor heat is normally OFF.

In Flight

With outside temperatures below 15°C, or on rainy days or in humid, cloudy, hazy or foggy conditions, or whenever a power loss is detected, set carburetor heat to ON until engine power returns to normal.

Electrical System Malfunction

Electrical power system malfunctions can be avoided by performing scheduled inspections as prescribed in the Maintenance Manual. The causes of malfunctions are difficult to establish but, in any case, problems of this nature must be addressed immediately. The following cases may occur:

Generator Warning Light Illuminates

The generator warning light may illuminate due to a faulty alternator or when voltage exceeds 16V; in this case the overvoltage sensor automatically turns off the alternator.

Procedure

In both cases proceed as follows:

  1. Generator switch and Master switch: OFF
  2. Generator switch and Master switch: ON

If the problem no longer persists, normal alternator charging will resume and the warning light will turn off, demonstrating that the voltage overload was temporary; no further action is required.

If the warning light remains on, an alternator malfunction is confirmed. In this case, set the generator switch to OFF and continue the flight on battery power only; the battery can power the electrical system for approximately 26 minutes with normal flight loads including operation of: com/nav, flaps and trim.

Trim System Malfunction

Jammed Control

If the trim control does not respond, proceed as follows:

Procedure - Jammed Control

  1. Verify correct switch position
  2. Adjust speed to control aircraft without excessive stick force
  3. Land as soon as possible.

Trim Runaway

If the trim position indicator shows movement without pilot action on the trim control, follow the procedure below:

Procedure - Runaway

  1. Trim power switch: OFF
  2. Adjust speed to control aircraft without excessive stick force
  3. Land as soon as possible.

P92-JS FLIGHT MANUAL - SECTION 3: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Edition 3 - Revision 0 - May 25, 2010

English translation for educational purposes - Always refer to the original document

Section 2: Limitations Manual Index Section 4: Normal Procedures