SECTION 2 - LIMITATIONS

Introduction

Section 2 includes the operating limitations, instrument markings and basic placards necessary for the safe operation of the P92-JS, its engine, standard systems and standard equipment.

NOTE Refer to Section 9 for any variations.

Speed Limitations

The speed limitations and their operational significance are shown below:

Speed		MTOW 550 kg		MTOW 600 kg		Remarks
		KIAS	KCAS	KIAS	KCAS
V_NE	Never Exceed Speed	134	128	141	135	Do not exceed this speed in any operation.
V_NO	Maximum Structural Cruising Speed	106	102	110	106	Do not exceed this speed except in smooth air, and then only with caution.
V_A	Maneuvering Speed	93	90	97	94	Do not make full or abrupt control movements above this speed as this could cause stresses exceeding the limit load factor.
V_FE	Maximum Flap Extended Speed	68	66	71	69	Do not exceed this speed with flaps in any extended position.

Airspeed Indicator Markings

The airspeed indicator markings and their color code significance are explained in the following table.

NOTE Refer to Section 9 of this Flight Manual for operating limitations of aircraft equipped with optional equipment.

Marking	MTOW 550 kg (KIAS)	MTOW 600 kg (KIAS)	Significance
White Arc	43* - 68	41 - 71	Flap operating range (lower limit is V_S0 at maximum weight and upper limit is maximum speed permitted with positive flaps extended)
Green Arc	48* - 106	46 - 110	Normal operating range (lower limit is V_S1 at maximum weight and most forward CG with flaps retracted, upper limit is maximum structural speed V_NO)
Yellow Arc	106 - 134	110 - 141	Maneuvers must be conducted with caution and only in smooth air.
Red Line	134	141	Maximum speed for all operations.

CAUTION For the P92-JS with MTOW = 550 kg the lower limit of the white arc is 1.1 V_S0 while the lower limit of the green arc is 1.1 V_S1.

Engine Limitations

The following table lists the operating limitations for the installed engine:

Engine Manufacturer	Bombardier Rotax GmbH
Engine Model	912 S2

Maximum Power

	Max Power kW (hp)	Max RPM prop (engine)	Max Time (min.)
Maximum	73.5 (98.6)	2388 (5800)	5
Max Continuous	69 (92.5)	2265 (5500)	-

NOTE Static full throttle setting (carb heat: Off) is 2100 +/- 100 prop rpm.

Temperatures

Maximum Cylinder Head Temperature*	135C
Maximum Coolant Temperature	120C
Maximum Oil Temperature	130C
Minimum Oil Temperature	50C

* applicable for engines up to serial number 4924543 (included) and repaired engines that have not replaced cylinder head #3 with the new one (part no. 413195)

Oil Pressure

Minimum	0.8 bar
Maximum	5 bar

WARNING Allowable pressure for cold starting is 7 bar maximum for short periods.

Engine Starting Operating Temperature

Minimum OAT	-25C
Maximum OAT	+50C

Fuel Pressure

Minimum	2.2 psi
Maximum	5.8 psi
Maximum*	7.2 psi

* applicable only for fuel pump part no. 893115 and 893114

Oil Viscosity

Use oil with viscosity grade as specified in the following table:

WARNING The use of aviation oil with or without additives is NOT permitted.

Coolant

Mixture: 80% concentrated antifreeze (e.g. BASF Glysantin Anticorrosion or equivalent) with anticorrosion additive and 20% demineralized water.

Propeller

Manufacturer	HOFFMANN Propeller
Model	HO17GHM-174 177C or HO17GHM A 174 177C
Propeller Type	Two-blade wooden fixed pitch
Diameter	1740 mm (no reduction permitted)

Engine Instrument Markings

Engine instrument markings and the significance of their color code are shown below:

Instrument		Red Line Min Limit	Green Arc Normal Operating	Yellow Arc Caution	Red Line Max Limit
Prop Tachometer	RPM	--------	580-2265	2265-2388	2388
Oil Temperature	C	50	90-110	50-90 / 110-130	130
Cylinder Head Temp	C	--------	0-135	------	135
Coolant Temperature	C		0-120		120
Oil Pressure	bar	0.8	2-5	0.8-2 / 5-7	7
Fuel Pressure	psi	2.2	2.2-5.8 or 7.26	----	5.8 or 7.26
Fuel Quantity	liters	--------	----	----	-----

NOTES

Allowable pressure for cold starting is 7 bar maximum for short periods.
Unusable fuel for each tank is 1.6 liters.
When fuel pump part no. 893115 and 893114 is installed.

Other Instrument Markings

Instrument	Red Line Min Limit	Green Arc Normal Operating	Yellow Arc Caution	Red Line Max Limit
Suction Gauge	4 in. Hg	4.5 - 5.5 in. Hg	------	------
Voltmeter	10 Volt	12 - 14 Volt	------	------

Weights

	MTOW 550 kg	MTOW 600 kg
Maximum Takeoff Weight	550 kg	600 kg
Maximum Landing Weight	550 kg	600 kg
Maximum Zero Fuel Weight	550 kg	600 kg
Maximum Baggage Weight (2.18 m from datum)	20 kg	20 kg

NOTE Refer to Section 6 for proper stowage and loading of baggage.

Center of Gravity Range

Leveling Reference	Cabin Floor
Datum	Propeller hub flange without spacer
Forward Limit	1.727 m (23% MAC) aft of datum for all weights
Aft Limit	1.769 m (26% MAC) aft of datum for all weights

WARNING It is the pilot's responsibility to ensure that the aircraft is loaded correctly. Refer to Section 6 for appropriate instructions.

Approved Maneuvers

This aircraft is certified in the CS-VLA category.

CS-VLA applies to aircraft intended for non-aerobatic operations only. Non-aerobatic operations include:

Any maneuver incident to normal flight
Stalls (except whip stalls)
Lazy eights
Chandelles
Turns with bank angle not exceeding 60 degrees

WARNING Aerobatic maneuvers, including intentional spinning, are NOT approved.

Recommended Entry Speeds

The recommended entry speed for each approved maneuver is as follows:

Maneuver	KIAS
	MTOW 550 kg	MTOW 600 kg
Lazy eights	93	97
Chandelles	93	97
Steep turns max 60 degrees	93	97
Stalls	Slow deceleration (1 Kts/sec.)

Maneuvering Load Factor Limits

The maneuvering load factors are as follows:

Flaps	Positive Load Factor	Negative Load Factor
0 degrees	+3.8	-1.9
38 degrees	+1.9	0

Flight Crew

Minimum flight crew is one pilot seated on the left side.

Types of Operation

The aircraft, in standard configuration, is approved only for Day VFR operations with visual contact with the ground.

Minimum Required Equipment

Altimeter
Airspeed indicator
Heading indicator
Fuel quantity indicator
Oil pressure indicator
Oil temperature indicator
Cylinder head temperature indicator
Outside air temperature indicator
Tachometer
Clock
First aid kit
Portable fire extinguisher

NOTE For additional standard equipment refer to Section 6.

WARNING Flight in known or forecast icing conditions is PROHIBITED.

Fuel

Two tanks	35 liters each (45 liters optional)
Total fuel capacity	70 liters (90 liters)
Usable fuel	66.8 liters (86.8 liters)
Unusable fuel	3.2 liters (3.2 liters)

NOTE During all flight phases engine fuel supply must be provided from both tanks. Compensate unequal fuel levels in tanks by acting on fuel valves located in the cabin.

Approved Fuel

EN 228 Premium
EN 228 Premium plus
AVGAS 100LL (see Warning below)

WARNING Prolonged use of aviation fuel Avgas 100LL results in increased valve seat wear and greater combustion deposits inside cylinders due to higher lead content. It is therefore recommended to avoid using this fuel type unless strictly necessary.

Maximum Passenger Seats

Only one passenger is permitted on this aircraft.

Crosswind Limitations

Maximum crosswind component permitted is 15 Kts (refer to Section 5 for further details).

Limitation Placards

The following limitation placards must be positioned in view on the aircraft.

Near the Airspeed Indicator

A placard shall indicate the following:

MANEUVERING SPEED V_A=93 KIAS

For MTOW 550 kg

MANEUVERING SPEED V_A=97 KIAS

For MTOW 600 kg

On the Central Instrument Panel

A placard shall indicate the following:

THIS AIRCRAFT IS CLASSIFIED AS A VERY LIGHT AIRCRAFT APPROVED FOR DAY VFR ONLY, IN NON-ICING CONDITIONS. ALL AEROBATIC MANEUVERS INCLUDING INTENTIONAL SPINNING ARE PROHIBITED. SEE FLIGHT MANUAL FOR OTHER LIMITATIONS.

NO SMOKING

Near the Baggage Compartment

A placard shall indicate the following:

SECURE RESTRAINING NET
MAXIMUM WEIGHT 20 kg
MAX PRESSURE 12.5 Kg/dm²

P92-JS FLIGHT MANUAL - SECTION 2: LIMITATIONS

Edition 3 - Revision 5 - July 12, 2022

English version for EASA PPL exam preparation

Section 0-1: Introduction Manual Index Section 3: Emergency Procedures